Oman’s varied habitats—from coastal flats and seasonal wadis to the Hajar Mountains—create pockets of moisture that allow a small but distinct group of amphibians to survive in an otherwise dry region. Local surveys and naturalists’ notes help map where these species show up and how water sources shape their life cycles.
There are 3 Amphibians of Oman, ranging from Arabian toad to Ehrenberg’s frog. For each species the table lists Scientific name, Oman range, IUCN status to summarize taxonomy, local distribution and conservation standing — you’ll find below.
How can I tell the Arabian toad and Ehrenberg’s frog apart in the field?
Look for habitat and size first: the Arabian toad is bulkier and often stays near permanent or semi-permanent water, while Ehrenberg’s frog is smaller and more likely around temporary pools after rains. Listen for calls during breeding season, check skin texture and dorsal patterns, and note behavior (toads tend to be less aquatic). Photos and the Scientific name in the table will help confirm identifications.
What do the IUCN status entries mean for conservation actions in Oman?
IUCN categories summarize extinction risk and guide priorities: species listed at higher risk need habitat protection, water management and monitoring, while Least Concern still benefits from monitoring to detect declines. The Oman range column plus IUCN status in the table helps identify where targeted conservation or further surveys are most needed.
Amphibians of Oman
| Name | Scientific name | Oman range | IUCN status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhofar toad | Duttaphrynus dhufarensis | Dhofar mountains and coastal wadis | Least Concern |
| Ehrenberg’s frog | Euphlyctis ehrenbergii | Southern wadis and coastal plains (Dhofar) | Least Concern |
| Arabian toad | Sclerophrys arabica | Northern and interior wadis, oases and agricultural areas | Least Concern |
Images and Descriptions
Dhofar toad
Medium brown toad with prominent parotoid glands; breeds explosively in seasonal pools during the Khareef monsoon. Nocturnal and often abundant near streams and irrigation, tolerant of disturbed habitats and easy to spot after rains.
Ehrenberg’s frog
Smooth-skinned, medium-sized frog often found in permanent pools, ponds and slow streams. Strong swimmer with a high-pitched call; active year-round in warm areas but most visible during and after rains near water bodies.
Arabian toad
Warty, camouflaged toad that frequents oases, irrigated fields and temporary pools. Breeds in seasonal water after rains; mostly nocturnal and elusive but often encountered in cultivated areas and near traditional water sources.
